![]() ![]() ![]() This process is the body's primary catabolic pathway and is essential in breaking down the building blocks of the cell such as carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids, for fuel. Ĭoenzyme A is necessary in the reaction mechanism of the citric acid cycle. This pathway is suppressed by end-product inhibition, meaning that CoA is a competitive inhibitor of pantothenate kinase, the enzyme responsible for the first step. Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.4′-Phosphopantetheine is adenylated (or more properly, AMPylated) to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transferase.PPC is decarboxylated to 4′-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase.This step is coupled with ATP hydrolysis. A cysteine is added to 4′-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC).This is the committed step in CoA biosynthesis and requires ATP. Pantothenic acid is phosphorylated to 4′-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase.The biosynthesis requires pantothenic acid, cysteine, and four equivalents of ATP (see figure). Pantothenic acid is a precursor to CoA via a five-step process. Details of the biosynthetic pathway of CoA synthesis from pantothenic acid ![]()
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